Paracetamol

E-mail: lilyoo@bbcapharma.com

Paracetamol, the commodity name has a hundred benin, must rational, tylenol, acetaminophen and so on. The international non-proprietary drug is called paracetamol. It is the most commonly used non-anti-inflammatory anti-heat analgesics, the anti-heat effect is similar to aspirin, analgesic effect is weak, no anti-inflammatory anti-rheumatic effect, is the best variety of acetyl amphetamine drugs. Ideal for patients who are unable to apply the drug. Used for colds, toothaches, etc. Paracetamol is also an organic synthetic intermediate, a stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide, a photographic chemical.

Basic Information

Chinese aliases: acetaminophen, acetaminophen, paracetamol, heat withdrawal, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, somidache, acetaminophen, diacetate.

English name: 4-acetamido phenol, paracetamol or acetaminophen.

English aliases: acetamino phen, 4-hydroxyacetanilide, apap, p-hydroxyacetanilide, acetamol.

Quality standards: BP/USP/IP.

Content: 99%-101%.

CAS NO.: 103-90-2.

SUBS: C8H9NO2.

Molecular weight: 151.16 .

Materialized properties: white crystalline powder, tasteless, soluble in hot water, ether, chloroform, etc.

Product use: anti-heat analgesics.

Packing: 25 kg per barrel (box) (woven bag).

E-mail: lilyoo@bbcapharma.com

Physical Characteristics

Prism crystallization is obtained from ethanol. Melting point 169-171 degrees c, relative density 1.293 (21?4 degrees c). Soluble in ethanol, acetone and hot water, insoluble in water, insoluble in petroleum ether and benzene. No smell, bitter taste. Saturated aqueous solution ph 5.5-6.5.

Preparation Method

The product is obtained for acetylation of acetaminophen.

Method 1: the acetaminophen will be added to the dilute acetic acid, then added ice acetic acid, heating up to 150 degrees c reaction 7h, adding acetylate, re-reaction 2h, check the end point, after passing cooling to 25 degrees c below, toss filter, wash to no acetic acid taste, shake dry, get coarse.

Method 2: the amino acid, ice acetic acid and acid-containing acid 50% or more were distilled together, the rate of distillation of dilute acid is one-tenth of the total amount of distillation per hour, the internal temperature rose to more than 130 degrees c, sampling and inspection of the amino acid residue is less than 2.5%, added dilute acid (content of more than 50%), cooling crystallization. Toss the filter, first with a small amount of dilute acid washing, and then with a large amount of water to the filter liquid close to colorless, get coarse products.

Method 1 had a yield of 90% and method 2 had a yield of 90-95%.

Refining method: heat the water to near boiling and put in the coarse product. Heat to full soluble, add water-soaked activated carbon, with dilute acetic acid adjusted to ph s4.2-4.6, boiling 10min. Pressure filter, filter liquid plus a small amount of heavy sodium sulphate. Cool to less than 20 degrees c to precipitate the crystallization. Flung filter, wash, dry raw material paracetamol finished products.

Other production methods include: (1) zinc in ice acetic acid to reduce nitrophenol, while acetylation to obtain acetaminophen.

E-mail: lilyoo@bbcapharma.com

Pharmacology

Pharmacological this product is acetyl amphetamine-type anti-heat analgesics. By inhibiting epoxy enzyme, selectively inhibiting the synthesis of hypothalamus hypothermia central prostatin, leading to peripheral vasodilation, sweating and to achieve the role of dehematization, its de-heating effect strength is similar to aspirin; this product has no obvious anti-inflammatory effect.

pharmacology after oral absorption from the gastrointestinal tract rapidly, completely (taking the drug after a high-carbohydrate diet may reduce absorption), absorption in the body fluids evenly distributed, about 25% with plasma protein binding. When the small amount (blood concentration < 60 μg/ml) and protein binding is not obvious, a large number or poisoning of the binding rate is higher, up to 43%. The product is 90 to 95% metabolized in the liver and is mainly combined with glucodalate, sulphuric acid and cysteine. Intermediate metabolites have toxic effects on the liver. Half-life β is generally 1 to 4 hours (average 2 hours), renal insanity remains unchanged, but may be prolonged in some liver disease patients, older people and newborns may be extended, and children may be shortened. After oral 0.5 to 2 hours blood concentration can reach a peak, the dose of 650 mg or less when the concentration of blood drugs is 5 to 20 μg / ml, the duration of action is 3 to 4 hours. During lactation, women take the product 650mg, 1 to 2 hours reported milk concentration of 10 to 15 μg /ml; the half-life β is 1.35 to 3.5 hours. The product is mainly excreted from the kidneys in the form of a binding to glucoalic acid, with about 3% of the original urine excreted within 24 hours.

Adapt to Symptoms

Suitable for relieving mild to moderate pain, such as fever, headache, joint pain, nerve pain, migraines, menstruation, etc. Caused by colds. Because it can only alleviate symptoms, anti-inflammatory effect is no or very small, can not eliminate arthritis caused by redness, swelling, mobility disorders, so can not be used aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat various types of arthritis. However, this product can be used in cases of aspirin allergy, intolerance or unfit for aspirin application, such as chickenpox, haemophilia and other haemorrhagic diseases (including cases treated with anticoagulants), as well as peptic ulcers, gastritis, etc. When applying this product, other therapies must also be applied at the same time to relieve the cause of pain or fever.

E-mail: lilyoo@bbcapharma.com

Usage Usage

Adults often use oral quantities. 0.3-0.6g at a time, once every 4 hours, or 4 times a day;

Children are often taken orally. Take 1.5g/m2 per day by weight of 10-15mg/kg or by body surface area, once every 4-6 hours, and children under 12 years of age do not exceed 5 times per 24 hours and the course of treatment does not exceed 5 days.

Toxic Side Effects

White and black, palk, tylenol cold tablets, cold spirits, painkillers, etc. all contain paracetamol, the dose of about 120-500 mg. however, the widespread use of clinical, there have been some toxic side effects, we must arouse everyone's vigilance.

The liver's toxic side reaction: long-term or excessive can cause liver cell necrosis. paracetamol caused by liver cell necrosis is its direct effect on liver cells, may be excessive paracetamol caused by the body to produce a toxic metabolites, when the accumulation reaches a certain amount, resulting in liver glutathione depletion, so that the liver detoxification capacity greatly reduced, toxic metabolites destroy liver cells, cell degeneration and necrosis. acute hepatic fibrous central necrosis caused by excessive paracetamol can occur in rapidly progressing patients with explosive liver failure and cause death.

The toxic side reaction of the kidneys: excessive paracetamol produced by toxic metabolites can also damage the kidneys, resulting in necrosis of kidney cells, especially when combined with sodium cylic acid or caffeine, more likely to damage the kidneys.

The toxic side reaction of the blood system: long-term excessive paracetamol, the resulting toxic metabolites can directly act on the bone marrow hematopoietic system, constitute damage, may also induce platelet reduction cyanosis or leukemia.

The toxic side reaction of the nervous system: if children take paracetamol, but also cause symptoms of poisoning of the central nervous system, mainly brain damage, neurological function decline, into a coma.

Rare, if allergic reactions occur, should be taken immediately.

E-mail: lilyoo@bbcapharma.com

Precautions

Call a doctor immediately for treatment of an overdose.

Do not take it in conjunction with other drugs containing acetaminophen.

If you experience severe sore throat, accompanied by fever, headache, nausea, or vomiting, you should seek medical attention.

Avoid alcoholic beverages during medication, and patients who drink alcohol should take this and other painkillers under the guidance of a doctor.

Taking paracetamol can cause liver damage in the following cases

(1) overdose.

(2) take in large doses for long periods of time.

(3) drink alcohol or alcoholic beverages.

(4) small doses of liver disease patients can also damage the liver.

(5) mix it with other headaches, cold medicines, and other medications that contain paracetamol. A study of 300 patients with severe liver failure by u.S. Researchers found that 38 percent of the cases were related to taking paracetamol. In another group of 307 adult patients with severe liver damage, 35 percent of cases were found to be associated with paracetamol. Most of these cases were accidental and due to inconsinceration.

E-mail: lilyoo@bbcapharma.com

Cold Medicine with Paracetamol

White and black, new kantek, day and night hundreds of benin, feeling well, crack, tylenol, cold spirit, palk common cold medicine, etc. All contain paracetamol, these drugs are best not to eat at the same time. In addition, aspirin, painkillers, paracetamol and gydamin, carnamycin, etc. Also have kidney toxicity.

Pregnant Women Should Use Paracetamol with Caution

A follow-up study of 9,000 mothers by u.S. Scientists found that babies born with asthma were much more likely to develop asthma when mothers took large amounts of paracetamol late in pregnancy.

Scientists have found that if mothers take paracetamol daily or almost daily in the later stages of pregnancy, they will find their children more likely to develop asthma than other children by the time they reach the age of three.

However, the scientists also point out that paracetamol is still a better option for pregnant women than aspirin, and that pregnant women can take paracetamol only twice a week when they find themselves having to take it, and that the amount should not exceed the prescribed dose on the doctor's prescription, thus minimizing the adverse effects of the drug on the baby.

E-mail: lilyoo@bbcapharma.com

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